Anomaly

In Mass Effect 2 anomalies are detected when scanning uncharted planets with missions available on them. After entering orbit EDI will inform you that an anomaly has been detected. The scanning crosshair will have a white line pointing in the direction of the anomaly. Continue scanning in the direction until a white dot appears at the location of the anomaly. Send a probe to the direction of the white dot to unlock the mission. Sometimes Anomalies are associated with missions, like the planet 2175 Aeia for the mission Jacob: The Gift of Greatness while other times they will be found on random uncharted planets, like the planet Joab in the Enoch system.

List of Planets with Anomalies
Helyme (Crescent Nebula/ Zelene System/ Second Planet)

Tarith (Crescent Nebula/ Lusarn System/ Fourth Planet)

Taitus (Caleston Rift/ Talava System/ Fourth Planet)

Sinmara (Caleston Rift/ Solveig System/ Surtur (First Planet)/ Moon)

Neith (Eagle Nebula/ Amun System/ Fourth Planet)

Joab (Rosetta Nebula/ Enoch System/ Third Planet)

Gei Hinnom (Hades Nexus/ Sheol System/ First Planet)

Franklin (Sigurd's Cradle/ Skepsis System/ Watson (Third Planet)/ Moon)

Zanethu (Hourglass Nebula/ Ploitari System/ Second Planet)

Daratar (Hourglass Nebula/ Faryar System/ Second Planet)

Canalus (Pylos Nebula/ Dirada System/ Third Planet)

Aequitas (Minos Wasteland/ Fortis System/ Third Planet)

Zada Ban (Shrike Abyssal/Xe Cha System/ First Planet)

Lorek (Omega Nebula/Fathar System/ First Planet)

Capek (Titan Nebula/ Haskins System/ First Planet)